全文小结：
初中英语教学中如何应用构词法
英语构词法的学习是学习英语的一个基础的语法知识，这些和我们的平常的学习英语的正确发音有密切的关系，比如一些单数名词变复数的时候，需要根据最后一个字母的发音来决定后缀是加“s”还是“es”等，当然还有一些非常特殊的单词是不遵循正常的构词法的，所以需要单独的进行记忆，并且这些正判拆单词也是考试中经常考察的部分，除此之外，在我们的一些日常的应用中，需要了解这些简单的基本构词法，加上正确的读音，我们就可以基本的判断出以构词的原理了。

一、转化法(conversion)
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校举枣里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二、合成法(composition)
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词
greenhouse highway
副词+名词
overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词冲迅
hardworking far-reaching
形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted absent-minded
数词+名词+ed
three-legged ten-storied
数词+名词
one-way five–star
数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名词+to+名词
face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
名词+动词
baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词+名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词
everywhere anyhow
副词+副词
however
介词+名词
beforehand overhead
介词+副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格+self/selves
herself themselves
物主代词+self/selves
myself yourselves
形容词+名词
anything nothing
6. 合成介词
副词+名词
inside outside
介词+副词
without within
副词+介词
into
三、派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer
over-“太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“处于……状态;性质” freedom, boredom
-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀
-fy / ify“使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成为……;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth
英语三大构词法
一、派生法
所谓派生法,就是在词根前加前缀或在其后加后缀构成新词。加前缀,一般不改变词性,而只是引起意义上的变化。加后缀一般意义变化不大,只改变了词性
前缀：anti-sunburn防晒的，disappearance消失，illegal非法的，impolite不礼貌的，irregular不规则的，misguide误导，misunderstand误解
后缀：reporter 记者，foreigner外国人，actor演员，inventor 发明家，trainee 新兵，employee 雇员，actress 女演员，hostess 女主人，Chinese 中国人，Canadian 加拿大人，
二、合成法
合成法就是将两个或两个以上的单词连在一起构成一个新词。
1.合成名词：bookmark书签；guidebook指南手册；sightseeing观光；air-conditioning空调；drinking-water饮
2.合成形容词：snowwhite雪白的；self-confident自信的；English-speaking讲英语的；good-looking好看的
三、转化法
英语中，有些名词可作动词，有些形容词还可作动词、名词或副乱清词。这种保持词形不键陪山变，但改变词性的用法就叫作转化法。
名词与动词间的相互转化 ：interest兴趣（n.）-使......感兴趣（v.） time时间（n.）-给......测量时间（v.）
形容词与动词间的相互转化 ：cool 凉的（adj.）-使凉爽(v.) empty空的（adj.）-倒空(v.)
形容词与名词间的相互转化 ：present在场的（adj.）-现在（n.） waste无用的，废弃的（adj.）-浪费（n.）
扩展资料
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作构词法。
v.化n.
很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：
①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
n.化v.
很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：
①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗
②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
adj.化v.
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
adv.化v.
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
adj.化n.
表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例稿中如：
①You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
②The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
参考资料：英语构词法-百度百科
conversion构词法是什么？
conversion构词法是转化法。
英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。在物理里指把难于测出的物理量转化为易于测出的物理量的实验方法叫转化法。
举例：
（1）名词 动词： hand：手 传递 water：水 浇水 place：地方 放置 。
land：土地 着陆 design：裂碰图案 设计 picture：图画 想像。
（2）形容词 动词： empty空的 倒空 better：较好的 改善。
back：后面的 支持 。
英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。
一. 转化法（conversion）
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1、 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房扒衫传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词春源腔
How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了？
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法（composition）
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词
greenhouse highway
副词+名词
overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词
hardworking far-reaching
形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted absent-minded
数词+名词+ed
three-legged ten-storied
数词+名词
one-way five–star
数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名词+to+名词
face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
名词+动词
baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词＋名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词＋副词
everywhere anyhow
副词＋副词
however
介词＋名词
beforehand overhead
介词＋副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格＋self/selves
herself themselves
物主代词＋self/selves
myself yourselves
形容词＋名词
anything nothing
6. 合成介词
副词＋名词
inside outside
介词＋副词
without within
副词＋介词
into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
（2）表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer
over-“太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
（1）形容词后缀
-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“（没）有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的；有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有（性质）的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
（2）名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability
温斯顿·丘吉尔 英文简介
Winston Churchill, the son of Randolph Churchill, a Conservative politician, was born in Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, on 30th November, 1874. His mother, Jennie Jerome, was the daughter of Leonard Jerome, a New York businessman.
After being educated at Harrow he went to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. Churchill joined the Fourth Hussars in 1895 and saw action on the Indian north-west frontier and in the Sudan where he took part in the Battle of Omdurman (1898).
While in the army Churchill supplied military reports for the Daily Telegraph and wrote books such as The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898) and The River War (1899).
After leaving the British Army in 1899, Churchill worked as a war correspondent for the Morning Post. While reporting the Boer War in South Africa he was taken prisoner by the Boers but made headline news when he escaped. On returning to England he wrote about his experiences in the book, London to Ladysmith (1900).
In the 1900 General Election Churchill was elected as the Conservative MP for Oldham. As a result of reading, Poverty, A Study of Town Life by Seebohm Rowntree he became a supporter of social reform. In 1904, unconvinced by his party leaders desire for change, Churchill decided to join the Liberal Party.
In the 1906 General Election Churchill won North West Manchester and immediately became a member of the new Liberal government as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. When Herbert Asquith replaced Henry Campbell-Bannerman as Prime Minister in 1908 he promoted Churchill to his cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. While in this post he carried through important social legislation including the establishment of employment exchanges.
On 12th September 1908 Churchill married Clementine Ogilvy Spencer and the following year published a book on his political philosophy, Liberalism and the Social Problem (1909).
Following the 1910 General Election Churchill became Home Secretary. Churchill introduced several reforms to the prison system, including the provision of lecturers and concerts for prisoners and the setting up of special after-care associations to help convicts after they had served their sentence. However, Churchill was severely criticized for using troops to maintain order during a Welsh miners's strike.
Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty in October 1911 where he helped modernize the navy. Churchill was one of the first people to grasp the military potential of aircraft and in 1912 he set up the Royal Naval Air Service. He also established an Air Department at the Admiralty so as to make full use of this new technology. Churchill was so enthusiastic about these new developments that he took flying lessons.
On the outbreak of war in 1914, Churchill joined the War Council. However, he was blamed for the failure at the Dardanelles Campaign in 1915 and was moved to the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Unhappy about not having any power to influence the Government's war policy, he rejoined the British Army and commanded a battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front.
When David Lloyd George replaced Herbert Asquith as Prime Minister, he brought Churchill back into the government as Minister of Munitions and for the final year of the war, Churchill was in charge of the production of tanks, aeroplanes, guns and shells.
Churchill also served under David Lloyd George as Minister of War and Air (1919-20) and Colonial Secretary (1921-22). Churchill created great controversy over his policies in Iraq. It was estimated that around 25,000 British and 80,000 Indian troops would be needed to control the country. However, he argued that if Britain relied on air power, you could cut these numbers to 4,000 (British) and 10,000 (Indian). The government was convinced by this argument and it was decided to send the recently formed Royal Air Force to Iraq.
An uprising of more than 100,000 armed tribesmen took place in 1920. Over the next few months the RAF dropped 97 tons of bombs killing 9,000 Iraqis. This failed to end the resistance and Arab and Kurdish uprisings continued to pose a threat to British rule. Churchill suggested that chemical weapons should be used "against recalcitrant Arabs as an experiment." He added "I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes to spread a lively terror" in Iraq.
The divisions in the Liberal Party led to Churchill being defeated by E. D. Morel at Dundee in the 1922 General Election. Churchill now rejoined the Conservative Party and was successfully elected to represent Epping in the 1924 General Election.
Stanley Baldwin, the leader of the new Conservative administration, appointed Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1925 Churchill controversially returned Britain the the Gold Standard and the following year took a strong line against the General Strike. Churchill edited the Government's newspaper, the British Gazette, during the dispute where he argued that "either the country will break the General Strike, or the General Strike will break the country."
With the defeat of the Conservative government in 1929, Churchill lost office. When Ramsay MacDonald formed the National Government in 1931 Churchill, who was now seen as a right-wing extremist, was not invited to join the Cabinet. He spent the next few years concentrating on his writing, including the publication of the History of the English Speaking Peoples.
After Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party gained power in Germany in 1933, Churchill became a leading advocate of rearmament. He was also a staunch critic of Neville Chamberlain and the Conservative government's appeasement policy. In 1939 Churchill controversially argued that Britain and France should form of a military alliance with the Soviet Union.
On the outbreak of the Second World War Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and on 4th April 1940 became chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee. Later that month the German Army invaded and occupied Norway. The loss of Norway was a considerable setback for Neville Chamberlain and his policies for dealing with Nazi Germany.
On 8th May the Labour Party demanded a debate on the Norwegian campaign and this turned into a vote of censure. At the end of the debate 30 Conservatives voted against Chamberlain and a further 60 abstained. Chamberlain now decided to resign and on 10th May, 1940, George VI appointed Churchill as prime minister. Later that day the German Army began its Western Offensive and invaded the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Two days later German forces entered France.
Churchill formed a coalition government and placed leaders of the Labour Party such as Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, Herbert Morrison, Stafford Cripps and Hugh Dalton in key positions. He also brought in another long-time opponent of Chamberlain, Anthony Eden, as his secretary of state for war. Later that year Eden replaced Lord Halifax as foreign secretary.
Churchill also developed a strong personal relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt and this led to the sharing and trading of war supplies. The Lend Lease agreement of March 1941 allowed Britain to order war goods from the United States on credit.
Although he provided strong leadership the war continued to go badly for Britain and after a series of military defeats Churchill had to face a motion of no confidence in Parliament. However, he maintained the support of most members of the House of Commons and won by 475 votes to 25.
Churchill continued to be criticized for meddling in military matters and tended to take too much notice of the views of his friends such as Frederick Lindemann rather than his military commanders. In April 1941 he made the serious mistake of trying to save Greece by weakening his forces fighting the Desert War.
One of the major contributions made by Churchill to eventual victory was his ability to inspire the British people to greater effort by making public broadcasts on significant occasions. A brilliant orator he was a tireless source of strength to people experiencing the sufferings of the Blitz.
After Pearl Harbor Churchill worked closely with Franklin D. Roosevelt to ensure victory over Germany and Japan. He was also a loyal ally of the Soviet Union after Adolf Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa in June, 1941.
Churchill held important meetings with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin at Teheran (November, 1943) and Yalta (February, 1945). Although Churchill's relationship with Stalin was always difficult he managed to successfully develop a united strategy against the Axis powers.
Despite intense pressure from Stalin to open a second-front by landing Allied troops in France in 1943, Churchill continued to argue that this should not happen until the defeat of Nazi Germany was guaranteed. The D-Day landings did not take place until June, 1944 and this delay enabled the Red Army to capture territory from Germany in Eastern Europe.
In public Churchill accepted plans for social reform drawn up by William Beveridge in 1944. However, he was unable to convince the electorate that he was as committed to these measures as much as Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. In the 1945 General Election Churchill's attempts to compare a future Labour government with Nazi Germany backfired and Attlee won a landslide victory.
Churchill became leader of the opposition and when visiting the United States in March 1946, he made his famous Iron Curtain speech at Fulton, Missouri. He suffered the first of several strokes in August 1946 but this information was kept from the general public and he continued to lead the Conservative Party.
Churchill returned to power after the 1951 General Election. After the publication of his six volume, The Second World War, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Churchill's health continued to deteriorate and in 1955 he reluctantly retired from politics. Winston Churchill died on 24th January, 1965.
还有疑问的话,可以到他的网站去找资料
imformation的构词法？
属于派生法。
派生法禅州兆
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的，微小的”迹迹 microwave microcomputer
over-“太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面，……下的贺租，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“处于……状态;性质” freedom, boredom
-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀
-fy / ify“使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成为……;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth
有关历史的英语词汇
求大量有关历史的英语单词短语,+30分
history ['histri] n. 历史，历史学narrative ['nærətiv] n. 记事，叙事Herodotus [hə'rɔdətəs] n. 希罗多德circa ['sə：kə] prep. （拉丁语）大约（简写c., ca., cir., circ., C.）Thucydides [θju'sidədi:z] n. 修昔底德chronological [.krɔnə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 年代学的，按年代顺序的territorial [.teri'tɔ：riəl] adj. 区域性的，地方性的thematically [θi'mætikli] adv. 按主题方式，按专题方式 Big History 大历史（学派）archaeology [.ɑ：ki'ɔlədʒi] n. 考古学methodology [.meθə'dɔlədʒi] n. 方法论approach [ə衡键'prəutʃ] n. 研究方法discipline ['disiplin] n. 学科perspective [pə'spektiv] n. 观点the humanities [hju:'mænitiz] 人文学科the social sciences 社会科学classification [.klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类anthropology [.ænθrə改拦掘'pɔlədʒi] n. 人类学global history 全球史historiography [.histɔ：ri'ɔgrəfi] n. 历史编纂学，史学史，文献学biographical [.baiə'græfikəl] adj. 传记的，传记体的thematic [θi'mætik] adj. 主题的，专题的medieval [medi'i:vəl] adj. 中世纪的philosophy of history 历史哲学meta-level ['metə 'levəl] 总体层面，元级teleological [.teli'ɔlədʒikəl] adj. 目的论的diplomatic [.diplə'mætik] adj. 外交的核核historical method 史学方法primary sources 原始材料epistemology [i.pisti'mɔlədʒi] n. 认识论Peloponnesian [.peləpə'ni：ʃən] adj. 伯罗奔尼撒半岛的divine [di'vain] adj. 神的，神圣的chronology [krə'nɔlədʒi] n. 编年史cyclical ['saiklikl] adj. 循环的posthumous ['pɔstjuməs] adj. 身后的，死后的dynastic [dai'næstik] adj. 王朝的Saint Augustine [seint ɔ：'gʌstin] n. 圣奥古斯丁Christian ['kristjən] adj. 基督教的，基督教徒的the Renaissance [rə'neisəns] n. 文艺复兴，文艺复兴时期religious [ri'lidʒəs] adj. 宗教的Hegel ['heigl] n. 黑格尔secular ['sekjulə] adj. 世俗的Ranke [ræŋk] n. 兰克epic ['epik] adj. 史诗的，叙事的；史诗，叙事诗nationalistic [.næʃənəl'istik] adj. 民族主义的Fernand Braudel [fer'nan brɔ'del] 费尔南•布罗代尔Le Roy Ladurie [lə rwa ladju'ri：] 拉鲁瓦•拉杜里Marc Bloch [mark blɔk] 马克•布洛克Lucien Febvre [lysjæn fevr] 吕西安•费弗尔multi-disciplinary [.mʌlti'disiplinəri] adj. 多学科的the Annales ['ænəlz] School 年鉴学派quantitative history 数量史学raw data 原始数据ethnic ['eθnik] adj. 族群的，族裔的racial ['reiʃəl] adj. 种族的genre ['ʒɑ：nrə] n. 类型，流派，风格history of everyday life 日常生活史Marxist ['mɑ：ksist] adj., n. 马克思主义（者）的；马克思主义者Eric Hob *** awm ['erik 'hɔb *** ɔm] 埃里克•霍布斯鲍姆Gees Lefebvre [ʒɔrʒ lə'fevr] 乔治•勒费弗尔François Furet [fran'swa fy're] 弗朗索瓦•弗雷Roland Mousnier [rɔ'lan mu:'njei] 罗兰•穆尼埃anti-Marxist adj. 反马克思主义的feminist ['feminist] adj. 女性主义的，女权主义的；女权主义者postmodernist [.pəust'mɔdərnist] n., adj. 后现代主义者；后现代主义（者）的Richard Evans ['ritʃəd 'evənz] 理查德•埃文斯Keith Windschuttle [keiθ 'winʃʌtl] 凯斯•温修德historical periodization [piəriədai'zeiʃən] 历史分期classificatory [.klæsifi'keitəri] adj. 类别的，分类上的retrospective [.retrəu'spektiv] adj. 事后回想的，回顾的the Gilded Age 镀金时代the Dark Age(s) 黑暗时代the First World War 第一次世界大战decimal ['desiməl] adj. 十进法的，以十为基础的tali *** anic [.tæliz'mænik] adj. 护符（般）的，有护符般效力的the Victorian [vik'tɔ：riən] Era 维多利亚时代the Napoleonic [nə.pəuli'ɔnik] Era 拿破仑时代the Meiji ['mei'dʒi:] Era 明治时代the Merovingian [.mærə'vindʒiən] Period 墨洛温王朝时期Romantic [rə'mæntik] period 浪漫主义时期the sexual ['seksjuəl] revolution 性革命conservative [kən'sə：vətiv] adj. 保守的Roman Catholic ['kæθəlik] culture 罗马天主教文化Franco ['frɔŋkəu] n. 弗朗哥primitive culture 原始文化Paul Tournal [pɔl turnal] 保罗·杜纳尔anté-historique['a：ŋtei 'istɔrik] n.（法语）史前的prehistoric ['pri:his'tɔrik] n. 史前的Daniel Wilson ['dænjəl 'wilsn] 丹尼尔·威尔逊prehistorian [pri:hi'stɔ：riən] n. 从事史前史研究的专家，史前史学家the Stone Age 石器时代the Bronze Age 青铜器时代the Iron Age 铁器时代excavation [.ekskə'veiʃən] n. 发掘geologic [dʒiə'lɔdʒik] adj. 地质学的geographic [dʒiə'græfik] adj. 地理学的literate ['litərit] adj. 识字的，有文化的geicist [dʒi'isist] n. 遗传学家linguist ['liŋgwist] n. 语言学家paleontology [.pæliɔn'tɔlədʒi] n. 古生物学biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n. 生物学geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] n. 地质学archaeoastronomy [.ɑ：kiəuəs'trɔnəmi] n. 考古天文学linguistics [liŋ'gwistiks] n. 语言学molecular [mə'lekjulə] adj. 分子的geics [dʒi'iks] n. 遗传学archaeological [.a:kiə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 考古的，考古学上的artifact ['ɑ：tifækt] n. 人工制品anonymous [ə'nɔniməs] adj. 无名无姓的，匿名的Neanderthal [ni'ændətɑ：l] n. 尼安德特人academic [.ækə'demik] adj. 学术上的，从事学术研究的New Guinea [nju: '。
有谁知道英文单词在历史发展中的演？有谁知道英文单词在历史发展中
几乎所有的日耳曼语源字汇（包括一切基本字汇，如代词、连词等）都相对来说更短、更非正式。
拉丁语源的字汇通常代表更加优雅或更有教养。但是，过多运用拉丁语源字汇，则会被认为矫饰或故意引起混淆。
乔治·奥威尔的文章《政治与英语》对此作了透彻的描写。 英语使用者在选择单词时，通常可以从日耳曼语源和拉丁语源的近义字汇中挑选：如“sight”和“vision”、“freedom”和“liberty”。
这些近义词之间都有微妙的差异，使用者能够自由选择组合表达不同的观点。 日常生活中，大部分所用到的词汇一般是日耳曼语源。
大多数拉丁语源的字汇通常用在更加正式的讲话和文章中，比如法庭发言或者编写百科全书。 由于英语词汇主要由词根构成，不同词根的组合可以很容易的形成新的单词，于是英语的词汇量非常庞大，但如果要估计具体数字，必须先要判断哪些能够算作英语单词。
不过与其他语言不同，并没有一个权威学术机构来规定何为正式的英语词汇。医学、科技领域不断涌现新词，一些进入了大众日常用语中，其他只在一小部分人群内部使用。
移民群体带来的外语单词也经常融入英语社会中去。一些古词和方言单词能否算作英语也无法判断。
《牛津英语字典》（第二版）收录了超过五十万个条目，标准比较宽松：“包括文学与日常对话中的标准词汇，无论当代、废弃或古语，也包括主要的科技词汇和大量方言、俚语。 ”（《牛津英语字典》补遗，1933年） 编辑本段英语的特点 1）英语拼写和读音的特点 英语是全世界拼写和读音最不规则的语言，在一定程度上可以说英语不属于拼音文字的范畴，多个字母或字母组合发同一个音，反过来同一个音可以由多个字母或字母组合发。
如字母A可以发多达八个音，TH组合发三个音如其中Thailand、Thyme、Thames等单词发不规则的/t/音，ough字母组合共有九种发音方式，这九种发音的代表单词是：①though （虽然） ②thought （思惟，想法，思想，思潮） ③enough, rough （足 ，粗糙的，使不平）④ thorough （彻底的，完全的，十足的）⑤ cough （咳嗽） ⑥through （穿过，通过，从 …开始至终）⑦ hiccough （打嗝）⑧ plough （耕作，皱眉） ⑨lough （湖）如有一个句子：Though the rough cough and hiccough plough me through, I ought to cross the lough。 在这个句子中同一个字母组合ough，竟然会有八种不同的发音这八个音分别是分别是①[o ]②[[Λf] ③[）f] ④[Λp] ⑤[ au] ⑥[u] ⑦[）] ⑧[ax] 不发音的字母特别多，如debt、b、ptarmigan、viscount、island、hour、indict等单词都有不发音的字母。
拼写完全混乱无规可循的单词也很多Czech、Cello、Cafe、One、mnemonic、maugham、Vaughan、chalet、debut等单词不靠音标根本不知道怎样发音。 英语的重音应该放在哪个音节上也没有固定规则，非重读音节中的元音经常弱化变音，另本来已经混乱的拼写变得更加混乱，更可怕的是如果单词或短语的重音读错或说错，那就意味着词性、词义的改变，从而产生意义上的误解。
除了拼写不规则和重音不固定外，英语单词还分为强读式和弱读式，另到本来已经拼写混乱的英语，要从它的拼写上掌握它的正确发音变得没有可能，这就是为什么中国出现大量聋哑英语的原因，如英语的弱读式例句，can: /kæn/， 弱读式I can go /a k ɡo/, and： /ænd/， 弱读式you and me /ju n mi/, he: /hi/， 弱读式will he go? /wl go/等等。 总结 由于英语的重音和英语的拼写与发音没有规则可循，再加上英语又分为强读式和弱读式，使得要从书面拼写上掌握英语正确发音变成没有可能的事，综合上述拼写混乱、重音不固定、不发音的字母特别多、分强读式和弱读式的原因，将来英语可能会失去世界通用语的霸主地位。
2）英语句子结构的特点 英语的句子结构比较简单、自然，合乎逻辑思维的自然顺序，也就是说，英语的词序word order比较自然。英语不象德语或俄语，句子结构没有那么复杂，词序没有那么多的倒装现象（inversion）。
英语的“语法”性别和“天然”性别相一致，不象俄语、拉丁语那样把所有的名词，按照“语法”性别，都分为阳性、阴性和中性。 这样，现代英语就免去了名词和形容词的复杂的格的变化，而德语和俄语仍大量地保存着这些变化。
所以说，英语的第一个特点就是它的结构比较简单，因此比较明白、易学。英语的第二个特点就是它的词汇非常丰富，因此它的表达能力特别强。
据估计，英语词汇包括的单词超过一百万，居世界各语种的首位。 英语的构词手段也很多样，因此英语不断产生新词。
另外一个现象就是英语的词义不断发生变化，原有的词也可以获得新的词义，而且这种词义变化比较自然，显得毫不费力。例如，sophisticated的原义为：“非常有经验的，老练的，老于世故的”，它的基本词义是“失去了单纯性”。
从这个基本词义发展到“复杂的，精致的”这一过程也是很自然的，不费气力的。这样，我们就可以用来修饰weapons，而得到“尖端武器”这个新的概念。
这样，原有的sophisticated一词就变成两个词了，因为它获得了完全不同的新词义。此外.英语还有大量的短语动词，由动词加副词构成。
跪求1000个最简单常用的英语单词
啊 ah 啊哈 aha 爱 love 安静的 silent 安静地 silently 安全 safety 安全的 safe 安装；修理 fix 按顺序 in order 按照，如同，当…，因为 as 昂贵的 expensive 嗷，哎哟 ouch 澳大利亚 Australia 澳大利亚人 Australian Aussie 澳门 Macao 八 eight 八月 August 巴黎 Paris 巴西 Brazil 爸爸 dad 白色的 white 白天 daytime 百 hundred 百货商店 department 百万 million 柏林 Berlin 班级，年级 class 办公室 office 邦戴 Bondy 帮助 help 傍晚；晚上 evening 棒球，垒球 baseball 磅；镑 pound 保持；使得… keep 报纸 newspaper 抱怨 plain 杯子 cup 悲伤的；难过的 sad 北方；北部 north 北方的；北部的 northern 鼻子 nose 比…；比较… than 比较 parison 比较级的 parative 比利时 Belgium 比例，比率 rate 比萨饼 pizza 比赛 match 比赛，竞赛 petition 比赛者；选手 player 必须 must 必须的 necessary 毕业 graduate 壁炉 fireplace 避免 avoid 避暑胜地 summer resort 边 side 边；边缘 edge 边缘 rim 鞭炮 firecrackers 便帽；军帽 cap 便士 penny (pence) 便条；纸币 note 便宜的 cheap 变成；成为 bee 变换，改变 change 遍及 throughout 标点符号 puntuation 标记；符号；痕迹 sign 标签 label 表达 expression 表格；构成，组成 form 表演；成绩 performance 别的，其他的；另外的人 other 别的；其他的 else 冰 ice 冰雕 ice carving 冰激凌 ice cream 冰山 iceberg 并排 side by side 病假 sick leave 病人 patient 拨（电话） dial 波士顿 Boston 玻璃（杯） glass 脖子 neck 博物馆 museum 不 not 不，不是；没有 no 不安的 restless 不安的 uneasy 不按次序排队的人 jumper 不出名的 unknown 不好不坏的，马马虎虎的 so-so 不见的 missing 不健康的 unhealthy 不久；很快 soon 不可能的 impossible 不平常的 unusual 不同；差异 difference 不同的 different 不喜欢，厌恶 dislike 不走运的；不幸的 unlucky 布 cloth 布鲁塞尔 Brussels 部分 part 擦；磨 rub 猜 guess 猜想 suppose 裁缝 tailor 裁判，法官 judge 菜单 menu 参加 join 餐厅 dining-room 操场 playground 操作；动手术 operate 嘈杂的 noisy 嘈杂声，响声 noise 草；草地 grass 厕所 toilet 叉子 fork 茶；茶叶 tea 茶壶 teapot 察觉；领悟；了解 realize 长的 long 长筒袜 stocking 尝味；有。
味道 taste 畅销货（书） best-seller 唱唱歌 sing 唱诵 chant 抄写，誊写；复制 copy 超过…，经过…；过去（的） past 超级市场 supermarket 朝着…；向… towards 潮湿的 moist 潮湿的 wet 车站 station 陈列，展览 display 陈述 statement 称…的重量 weigh 成就；成功 success 成立；建立 found 成年人 *** 成员 member 城堡 castle 城市 city 城镇 town 乘…，通过… by 乘独木舟 canoe 乘客 passenger 乘以 multiply 吃 eat 池塘；水坑 pool 迟的 late 尺寸 size 尺子 ruler 冲；奔跑 rush 冲浪 surf 冲浪运动 surfing 冲浪者 surfer 虫；蠕虫 worm 宠物 pet 出口 exit 出去，在外面 out 出生（bear的过去分词） born 出声地， aloud 出现；露面 appear 出租车 taxi 除…之外 except 除非…；如果…不… unless 厨房 kitchen 穿着 wear 传播 spread 传单 leaflet 传递；通过 pass 传统的 traditional 传真 fax 窗子 window 床 bed 吹，刮 blow 春天 spring 磁带 tape 此后；自…以来；由于…；既然… since 此刻，瞬间 moment 从… from 从来不；决不 never 匆忙 hurry 聪明的；机灵的 clever 粗鲁的；激烈的；粗糙的 rough 粗体 bold type 粗心的 careless 粗心地 carelessly 村庄 village 错误 mistake 错误的 wrong 答复；回复 reply 打；撞；击中 hit 打包 pack 打电话，叫喊；电话通话 call 打开；开放的 open 打破（过去式） broke 打破，折断；课间休息 break 打扫；干净的， clean 打印机 printer 打字 type 大道，大街 avenue 大的 big 大的 large 大量地；猛烈地 heavily 大陆；本土 mainland 大门 gate 大米，米饭；水稻 rice 大声的；响亮的 loud 大声地；高声地 loudly 大厅 hall 大象 elephant 大笑；笑声 laugh 大写的 capital 大学生运动会 UNIVERSIADE 大众的；流行的 popular 代词 pronoun 代替 instead 带来；拿来 bring 单程的 one-way 单一的 single 担心，使…担心 worry 担心的，烦恼的 worried 但是；除了 but 蛋糕，，饼 cake 当然 certainly 岛屿 island 倒，灌；倾泻 pour 倒空，清空 empty 倒塌 collapse 倒下 fall 到…；往…；（不定式符号，无词义） to 到…里 into 到…上 onto 到处 everywhere 到达；抵达 arrive 到达；够着 reach 道路；公路 road 得到；到达 get 得分；获胜 score 德国 Germany 德国人 German(s) 的确；确信的 sure 灯笼 lantern 登记处 check-in 等候 wait 等候室 waiting room 低的 low 敌人 enemy 底部 bottom 地板 floor 地方 place 地理（学） geography 地面 ground 地球，地球仪 globe 地图 map 地下的 underground 地震 earthquake 地址 address 第……号 No. =number 第八 eighth 第二 second 第二十 twentieth 第二十一 twenty-first 第九 ninth 第三 third 第十八 eighteenth 第十二 twelfth 第四 fourth 第五 fifth 第一，首先；最初 first 电报 telegraph 电冰箱 fridge 电池 battery 电话；打电话 phone(=telephone) 电话；打电话给… 。
历史上最有名的英语演讲稿有哪些
I Have a Dream --------Martin Luther King,Jr。
Dare To pete, Dare To Care---------Hillary Diane Rodham ClintonInaugural Address-----------John F。 KennedyFirst Inaugural Address---------Franklin Delano RooseveltPearl Harbor Address to the Nation--------Franklin Delano RooseveltThe Space Shuttle "Challenger" Tragedy Address----------Ronald ReaganAmerican University mencement Address-----------John F。
Kennedy。